4. Employee benefit expenses

Expenses are allocated to the financial year to which they relate.

€ Million

2023

2022

Salaries

347

315

Social security contributions

44

39

Pension costs

44

45

External staff

152

131

Charges to/release from employee-related provisions

1

-2

Other employee-related expenses

32

31

Total

620

559

The development of the workforce in 2023 can be specified as follows:

2023

2022

Own staff

5,268

4,794

External staff with temporary employment

1,169

1,099

Total FTE at year-end

6,437

5,871

The average number of FTEs in 2023 amounted to 6,131 (2022: 5,848). There are no employees working outside the Netherlands.

Employee benefit expenses rose by € 61 million to € 620 million in 2023. This increase is the balance of a € 40 million increase in expenses for own personnel and a € 21 million increase in expenses for external personnel. 

The increase in employee benefit expenses for own personnel compared to 2022 is due to the increase in FTEs, regular salary increases, and a CLA wage increase as per 1 January 2023 of 4%. 

The costs of external hires rose by € 21 million. This concerns a combination of a tariff increase and an increase in a number of external hires in FTE.

Pension obligations

Enexis employees participate in the pension scheme of Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP (the Dutch pension fund for employees in the government, public and education sectors). The coverage ratio of pension fund ABP at the end of 2023 amounted to 111.9% (year-end 2022: 109.8%). This percentage is well above the minimum ratio of 90% which was set by the government temporarily. 

The policy coverage ratio is the average of the last 12 actual monthly coverage ratios. The government temporarily lowered the coverage ratio requirement at which pension may be increased from 110% to 105% on 1 July 2022. The coverage ratio was 113.9% at the end of 2023. Therefore, the ABP decided to increase the pensions as of 1 January 2024 by 3.03%, which equals the inflation rate between 1 September 2022 and 31 August 2023 calculated by Statistics Netherlands (CBS). 

The contribution for retirement and surviving dependants’ pensions will be lowered from 27.9% to 27.0% in 2024. The employer pays 18.9% and the employee pays 8.1% of the pension contribution. 

As Enexis does not have access to the necessary specific information, these schemes are treated as defined contribution plans and the pension contributions payable for the financial year are recognised in the financial statements as pension expenses.